Problems with the horse's musculoskeletal system can be very complex, which is why as much information as possible is collected to arrive at the correct diagnosis and implement the correct treatment plan. The orthopedic examination varies depending on the symptoms and the individual horse, taking into account the level of training and load capacity.

An orthopedic examination begins with a thorough visual inspection and palpation of the horse, including an assessment of the horse's spine and muscle mass. The horse will then be viewed and assessed in various gaits on the straight line on the hard and on the hard and soft circle.

Depending on the symptoms and findings, bending tests are performed, local anesthesia may be used and the horse can also be assessed under saddle. In addition to the examination, the structures of the musculoskeletal system are imaged and evaluated using ultrasound and X-ray.